Honing tool



.Och 4, I1949. P; R, GJERTSEN 2,483 ,997

' HONING TOOL Filed April 24, 1947 INVENTOR. PAUL R. GJERTSEN Patented Oct. 4, 1949 HONIN G iTOOL Paul R. Gjertsen, Detroit,'Mch,, .fasslgnor-.to-Ex- -.Cell-- Corporation,

tion of Michigan Detroit, .Michwa corpora- Applcation April 24, l947,liSerial'Nl-7433544 The present invention relates 'to abrading,

Alvlhoning .or`lapping.tools,- of ith'e general type disclosed in my'-Patent No. 2,268,479, issued Decem- I-ber 30, il941, and .comprising .a plurality of peripherally spaced cutting :elements or stones jointly adjustable in lone direction or the other along an intermediateiholderyor expanding member'so as-to varythe effective cutting diameter.

f0ne o'fithe-;objects=of the present invention is 'to provide ra honing 'tool of .the foregoing character fin which the cutting felements may be readily mounted on and removed -from the expanding member to facilitate assembly and replacement, and When assembled are normally held resiliently at bo-th 'ends :against lthe respec- -tive actuating surfaces of the member in all positions of relative adjustment.

Another object is to provide a honing tool in which the cutting elements iare adapted to be -contracted in effective diameter so as fto facilitate insertion into ;a Work bore, and then are automatically expansible under vconstant pressure contact `with -the bore Csurface and as -the honing operation `progresses .to Vfinal size.

A further object is rto provide :a honing tool -as a .fully self-contained .structure vadapted for connection tofa rotary drive zelement-of a -machine tool, which structure-includes size adjusting means and a longitudinally -yieldable-coupling between the adjusting meansrand the cutting elements, saidfcoupling being automatically operative to expandfthe cutting elementsradially to 'finalsizes.

Another object is to ;provide`a honing tool in Which the yieldab-le coupling includes .a spring actuated member .normally .biased 4into a stop position, andconnected through .push-.pull links .respectively tothe contiguousfends of the cutting elements,

A further :object is to :provide a self-contained .radially-expansible honing tool .which is connect- :ed through a fiexible shaftto a rotary drive ele- .ment

`l3-3 :of YFig. 1 and-showing .the -tOQl .adjusted to ``substantial maximum size.

15-C`laims. (01..51-1843) Fig. -Ai-s :an outer'end view'of .the tool.

lFigs. 55 `and=-6 arefragmentary rtransverse sectional views taken .respectively along lines -5-5 andz-B ofiFig. 3.

zFig. .7 anzinner face iviewrofzone of 'the cut- 'tingf-.elements .Referring more particularly to the -drawings, the fhone, =iap or 'f abrading Ltool, consituting the exemplary embodiment-of ithe present invention, :and :asfshownimFigs .=1.1and,2, comprises a selffcontained unit :which-is fadapted ito be Vremovably .mounted fin a .supporting drive element (not sshown) -of :a machine ftool, and lwhich vis automatically self-expansible to a predetermined'adwdustablemaximum-circleofyrevolultion.

.The 'hone assembly, .in more detail vbut rgen- -erally, comprises. anelongatedfholder -orexpand- .ing :rnemben preferably fin :the :form of -.a shank forrod f'l,-whichfis connected-:or adapted for-con- :nection Va't:on;e end ito :the aforesaid -drive elezmen'lt, 'and -fwhich :at :the other end is provided :withsanenlazfged headtap'ered outwardly to provide :a- Wedge rmember :8, aa fplurality of uniformly zperipherally spaced zhom'ng; lapping or abrading L :devces 9rslidablyfassociated-withtheiholder, and

-fsizeradjusting1means, indicated generally at Ill, `adjustably mounted :on the irod, and i operativeliT `connected to :the -honing'devices rtozurge the latiterzjointly andfyield'ablyzalong the holder in a .direction to feffectlprogressive radial expansion -oflthe cuttingvdameter to.a:predetermined maxi- .mum dimension f as permitted by `the 1 progress of :the cuttingaction. f

Alth'ough 4the atool is vespecially adapted forfprolducingflne surface ifinishes, it .is capable of use Jforivariousputting lJoperations, such as hoping,

lapping for abrading fdepending Fon fthe character of the cutting elements, and these terms as used "herein are, ztherefore, :to 'be taken :as generally zsynonymous.

Tn the vpreferred iform, v'the inner end of the .ro.d :i xis roperatively fconnected 'for -a Ayieldable torsion drive 5.through fa'zfiexiblecoupling f or shaft fl'l '=to a -fgenerally laxally aligned -zdrive spindle or-arbor 12. Theffiexible coupling rH maybe of lany suitable character, and, as. shown, consists of a olosely .wound lspring'wire 'securely anchored .at opposite -ends respectively rin :axial bores lt and vl 4 in'theopposed-ends of .therod '1 and-spindle l2. V

.fllhe wedge :member :8, :at the puter .fend .ofithe rod fi, .is of-.generally- .cylindrical shape formed with a .plurality-of .peripherally spaced tapering iwedge surfaces -,l-5, -corresponding :in lnumber to thefhoning.devices 9.

Preferably, two diametrlcally opposed honing devices 9 are employed, and in this instance the wedge member 8 is formed with two oppositely disposed surfaces l5 which slope gently and uniformly to a relatlvely thin diametrical edge 16 at the outer end.

Each honing device 9 comprises a cutting element or stone l1 of suitable material, such as a fine cutting bonded abrasive. The element l1 has an outer active face |`8 of sectional cylindrical contour, and a flat inner mounting face l9 angularly related to the active face at an angle complemental to the angle of slope of the surfaces 15. Preferably, the honing element l1 is provided on the flat face 19 with a holder or shoe 20 which comprises a flat plate made of thin gauge sheet metal or other suitable wearing material. The shoe 20 is somewhat longer than the element l1, and of varying and slightly less Width than the face 19. In the present instance, the shoe 29 is secured by means of a suitable adhesive as an insert in a central longitudinal recess 21 in the face l9 so as to be flush therewith.

A sliding spline connection is provided between the wedge member 8 and each honing device 9 to constrain the latter against lateral displacement while permitting relative longitudinal adjustment on the related wedge surface 15. This connection may consist of a longitudinal key or rib 22 on one ofthe parts and a complemental groove 23 in the other part. In the present instance the rib 22 is formed medially on the surface 15, and the shoe 20 is formed with a central oifset to define the groove 23.

The two honing devices 9 are yieldably confined :1

against the Wedge surfaces l5 in all positions of adjustment. The preferred means for this purpose comprises a garter spring 24 resiliently engaging over the inner ends of the shoes 29 which extend beyond the elements l1 to define anchor lugs 25, and a coiled tension spring 26 flexed across the edge 16 of the wedge member 8, and anchored at opposite ends respectively to projecting lugs 21 on the outer ends of the shoes.

The lugs 21 are struck outwardly at an angle to f the respective planes of the shoes 20 to lie in concave recesses 28 having surfaces of conical segmental shape in the large ends of the elements l1. It will be evident that both of the springs 274 and 26 are disengageable from the lugs 25 and 21 to permit removal and replacement of the honing devices 9, and that they facilitate convenient assembly of the tool. Also, the springs 24 and 26, and particularly the latter due to its longitudinally exerted force, tend normally to urge the honing devices 9 longitudinally outwardly toward their position of minimum t'ool diameter.

The stone actuating or adjusting means 10, within the broad aspects of the invention, may be of any suitable character adapted to effect longitudinal Shifting movement of the wedge member 8 relative to the honing devices 9 in opposition to the action of the Springs 24 and 26. In the present instance, the adjusting means [9 is integrated with the other elements of the tool as a part thereof, and without dependence upon some external actuator, thus rendering the tool a fully self-contained structure which may be simply attached to the drive element of a machine tool for rotary drive, and, when required, for feed translation or reciprocation. More particularly, an elongated internally-threaded sleeve 29, constituting an outer screw element or nut, is rotatably adjustable on a threaded portion On the inner end of the rod 1, constituting an internal screw element 99, and is connected through longitudinal drag links 3! to the lugs of the devices 9. Preferably, the links 3! are provided in the form of Wires slidably confined in longitudinal grooves 32 formed in the base portion of the wedge member 8 in alignment with the ribs 22, and having outer ends 33 bent radially outwardly to extend disengageably through apertures 94 in the lugs 25. The grooves 32 extend in depth approximately to the diameter of the rod 1.

An aXially yieldable coupling 35 preferably is interposed between the nut element 29 and the drag links 31, and may be manually actuated initially to shift the devices 9 into a position of reduced diameter so as to permit the tool to be inserted freely into the bore of the work to be machined. The eoupling 35 then is automatically operable in response to spring pressure to shift the devices 9 in the reverse direction, so as to maintain pressure contact with the work, and, as the cutting Operation progresses, to expand the tool diameter to the final size determined by the setting of the sleeve nut 29. In the Preferred form of coupling 35, the sleeve nut 29 is formed on the outer end with an external periphera'l flange 39. An actuating sleeve 31 is axially slidable on the flange 36, and has an internal peripheral end iiange 38 in spaced opposed relation thereto. The hooks 3| have inner ends 39 bent radially outwardly and removably engageable in an internal annular groove 40 in the sleeve 31. A coi'led compression spring ti is operatively disposed about the sleeve 29 between and in end abutment with the flanges 36 and 38, and tends to drag the links 3! inwardly toward and into stop engagement with the flange 36. The hooks 3! thus are of the double end push-pull type.

In Operation, the sleeve nut 29 is rotated on the screw rod 1 for selective adjustment of the tool diameter. Normally, the coupling 35 serves to maintain the ends 39 of the hooks 3l against the stop flange 36 to locate the honing devices 9 in position of maximum permissible expansion as shown in Fig. 3. To condition the tool for insertion in the work bore, the sleeve 31 is manuallly shifted to 7compress the spring 4! and push the hooks 3! outwardly, thereby moving the devices 9 convergingly along the taper wedge surfaces l to contract the tool. After insertion of the contracted tool into the work bore, the sleeve 31 is released, and thereupon the spring 4l acts to effect expansion of the honing devices 9 into pressure contact with the work surface. The

- spring M continues to expand the devices 9 as the lapping or abrading action progresses until the hooks Si are pulled into engagement With the stop fiange 39 which occurs when the work surface has been finished to the desired size.

The structure facilitates convenient assembly of the tool. IThus, the ends 39 of the hooks are inserted in the groove 40, and the spring 26 is engaged with the lugs 21. Then, the honing devices 9 are positioned on the opposed wedge surfaces le, and engaged with the outer ends 33 of the hooks 3! to establish the drag 'link connection between the devices and the coupling sleeve 35. Finally, the garter spring 24 is engaged over the lugs 25 to retain the parts in assembled relation.

I claim as my invention:

1. A honing tool comprising, in combination, an elongated rod having an internal screw element formed on one end portion and having on the other end portion an enlarged head formed 5 on -dia-metricaflily opposite sides With eqlualil'y Iand oppositel-y inelined lvvedge surfaees taperlin-g gradually and luniforrrily ito a l.th-in `diameftricail edge, each of said surfaces ihaving a longitudin-al mediail upstanding rib of `4uniform Width and height and bein-g for-med 'in `Vthe 'base 'end with a groove in allifnement with the rib -and -exitending -in depth to the diameter of said r-od, two '-'honing devices slidably mounted for longitudinail adj'ustment respectively -on said wedge rsnrfaces, each "-honing dev-ice having :an outer fpartiail-ly -cy- Ili'r-rdrical active face Jand Ian inner ilat face inolined to the axis of said active face at the I'an-gle -of slepe 'of the associated 'wedge surface -and lhalving a metal shoe secured as -a-n insert in ysaid` Jflat face formed With a zllongiitudinal medial groove slidabl-y engaging the associated rib, a tension spring eXtendi-ng iacross the tapered end edge of said head `and lconnected lat opposite ends to the outer lends 'of 4said shoes, a garter spring enga-ging over the innermost ends of said shoes, a -nut element Vafd-justably threaded lon isaid screw -e'lerment and having an external periphera'l flange definIi-ng -a stop sshoulder, -a sleeve slidabl-e on said flange -a'nd formed With a-n internal =per`iphera-l groove Voutwardl-y thereof and with an internal annnilar flange disposed fin opposed 4relation -to said 'lirst mentioned -a plurality of long-ltudinal hooks removably engagea'ble at opposite ends Yrespectively in said groove and `With the Icontignous ends of said shoes, and a coiled vcompression spring J'interposed `between 'sa-id anges about said screw element.

2. A 'honing r'tool eomprising., in combination, -an -elongated rod 'having an internal Screw ele- *ment-formed on one end gportion and'having on the other end A'portion an enlarged 'head for-med on diametitical-ly iopposite :sides -with eguafly 'and oppositely incli-ned wedge surfaces tapering `graclua'lly and luni-forn'ily 'to a diametrical edge, each of said `surfaces having a ilongitudinal medial upstanding rib and :being forme-d .'in the base end |With a groove in alinement with Vthe rib, itwo honing .devices slidably mounted forlongtudnal ad'justrnent 'respectively on said wedge surfaces, each 'horfing device v'having :an outer Ipartially Icylindrica'l active vface and an 'inner` `flatface in- 'c'lned to the axis of 'the aotivevface Vat 'the angle of slope of the associated Weige .surface `and having a wearshoe seoured to said .flat face .and formed l.witha.1oneitiidiria'l :medialgroove 'slidably .enefisiine 'the associated rib, .a tensionspring .eX- :tendine across .the itapersd .end .edge-of .saidihoad .and .connected .at .opposite ends `to 'the outermost .ends .of said shoes., .a .easier -spring engoging-over the 'inne1-mos t.ends .of .said shoes. .a .mit .element adiustably threaded. .on said Screw .element .and having .-a;ner.iphera1 Ilange defining a stop shoulcler, a sleeve slidable on said fiange and formed With an internal .peripheral rgroove outwardly thereof and with an internal annular flange .dispose'd in opposed Vrelation to sadfirst .mentioned fiange, a plurality of longitudina'l hooks removablf,Y engageable :at opposite ends respectively in said groove and with theeontiguous ends of said rshoes, andfa coiled compressionsnring .nterposed between isaid flanges about .said Escrew element.

A honing tool comprising, :in combination, ran elongated rod having ,an:internal sorew elevment formed on one end [pontiomand fha-xingmn `the other .-.end portion an fenlarged head formed on .diametrioally .onnosite :sides fwlth edually ffand oppositely inclined Wedge surfaces tapering gradually and uniformly to a diametrical edge,

each orfsaid .snrfaoes having .a filongitudinal mediai nnstanding .rib :aznd being formed in the base end with a groove in :alinement with the llrib., two honing devices slidably mounted for longil'flldlinafl fad'jflistmem; respectively .on said wedge surfaces, each honing .device having .an outer partialilfy eylinorieal active race .and an :inner dat face fclzined :to the axis .of 'the .active face at the .angle offslone ofthe .associated wedgesurface and ha-ving :a wear shoe secured :to .sa-id iiat face and .farmed with a `longitudinal medal groove slidahly :engaging v-tlale associated zrib., a tension spring extending .across .the :tapered end edge :of I.said ihead vand connected .atfiopposite ends :to .the .outerlmost :ends -of :said shoes, a gar-ter .spring engaging mzer :the inner-.most fends of .said shoes, and .size :afdiusting .means imonnted 2on .said .Screw element afor adjustment afxially .of said .rod and :having push-pull connections with said shoes.

4. .A Vhoning :tool fcompnising, pin .combination :an .elongated :rod having on one .end ortion .an ferllarged :head fonmed .on diametricailly :opposite sides with .eanally and oppositely inclined wedge sin-.faces tapering gradually .and =unformily O .a .diametrical .'edge, two ihoning ldevices sldably mounted for Elongitudinail -a-d'justment lrespectively :on :said wedge sunfaces, each `honing fdevice hav- 'i-ng =an outer :partiafily oylindrical active fac-eLand an inner :fiatface finolined'gto :the `axis of .the active face at :the -angle-of slopeo'i :the associated =wedge surface, spring means for imaintaining .said .devices against said wedge Ysurfaces, sa :mit .element -ad'justably :threaded .on `said .rod, -a sleeve fslidable -on said nutelement, opposedifianges on said vnut element and sleeve, a nlurality .of longitudinal drag links cenneoting said -sleeve and saidldevices, and a coiled Jooinpression :spring interposed 'beitween said flanges.

15. A honing =tool -com1crising in icombina'tion an elongated rod having on -one rand a ihead 'farmed -on diametrically Iopposite sides with equally `and oppositely iinclined wedge surfaces tapering graduallyand -uniform'lyfto a diametrical edge, two honing -devices slidabl-y mounted -for longitudinal Yadinstment respectively .on said Wedge surfaces, 1each honing device having an outer ipartially cylindrica'l active -face and an linner inclined lidat VJface -and having a metal -shoe secured to said flat face and :projecting 'ibeyond opposite ends thereof, a tension spring -extending `across :the end edge of said head 'and connected at .opposite ends Jto the outermost ends lof said shoes, a garter spring engaging over the inner- 'most ends ofsaid shoes-and size adjusting means flongitudi-nally adjustable on -sa'id -rod and connected to^tl'1e*innerm,ost ends of said shoes.

6. A honing tool `compil'ising in Vcombination an e'longatedirod'having on-one end-a'head-'formed on diametricallny opposite sides -With equally-and .oppositely 'inclined Wedge surfacefs taper-ing gradually and Luniformly to la diametrical edge, tWD .fhon'ing devices sliolably mounted 'for Ilongitudinasl .adiiistmont rospootively on said .wedge .surfaces .each Lhoriirlg .dsvico having an outer .partially v.cylindrical Vactive face and an 'inner Vinclined flat 'faceandjhaving ainetal shoe secured tosaid `flat .face andproieoting beyond opposite ends .thereot .a tension spring .extendine .across the .end .edge .of .said .head .and .connected at .op- .posite ends to ythe .omermost .ends of said shoes, agarter.springienaaginaover.theinnsrmostonds =o.f said shoes, and .size adiusting 5means .longi- -tudinally adiustable 'on said -rod =`and 1having .an axially yieldable coupling anchored to said deaesaeev vices, said coupling denning a positive stop position and being resiliently displaceable out of said position to reduce the effective cutting diameter of said devices.

'7. A honing tool comprising in combination an elongated rod having a head on one end formed With an inclined Wedge surface, a honing device slidably mounted for longitudnal adjustment on said Wedge surface, and having an outer partially cylindrical active face and an inner inclined flat face and a metal shoe secured to said flat face, spring means for maintaining said shoe against said surface, and size adjusting means longitudinally adjustable on said rod and having an axially yeldable coupling anchored to said device, said coupling denning a positive stop position and being resiliently displaceable out of said position to reduce the effective cutting diameter of said devices.

8. A cutting element for a rotary honing tool comprising a body of bonded abrasive material shaped as a secantial segment of a cylinder, the plane of the secant cord being angular With respect to the axis of curvature of the cylindrical surface to provide a body of tapered Width, the plane face of said body being longitudinally traversed by a groove having uniform Width and uniform depth throughout its length, the narrow end of said body being chamfered to denne the shape of a conical segment and the large end of said body being recessed to denne the shape of a conical segment, a shoe secured as an insert in the flat face of said body and having a longitudnal rib offset inwardly to internt With said groove, one end of said shoe projecting beyond the narrow end of said body to denne an apertured lug, the other end of said shoe projecting beyond the large end of said body and being struck out angularly into said recess to denne a second anchor lug.

9. A cutting element for a honing tool comprising a body shaped as a secantial segment of a cylinder, the plane of the secant cord being angular With respect to the axis of curvature of a cylindrical surface to provide a body of tapered Width, the plane face of said body being longitudinally traversed by guide means, the arcuate edge of the narrow end of said body being chamfered and the large end of said body being concavely recessed about said axis, a shoe secured to the flat face of said body and being formed to internt with and provide a wearing surface for said guide means, one end of said shoe projecting beyond the narrow end of said body to denne an anchor lug, the other end of said shoe projecting beyond the large end of said body into said recess to denne a second anchor lug.

10. A cutting element for a honing tool comprising a body shaped as a secantial segment of angular With respect to the axis of curvature of the cylindrical surface to provide a body of tapered Width, the plane face of the body being longitudinally traversed by guide means, the arcuate edge of the narrow end of said body being a cylinder, the plane of the secant cord being 50 versed by a groove having uniform Width and uniform depth throughout its length, the narrow end of said body being chamfered to denne the shape of a conical segment and the large end of said body being concavely recessed about said axis to denne the shape of a conical segment.

12. A shoe for Supporting the cutting element of a honing tool comprising an elongated plate having flat side marginal portions in substantially the same plane, and an intermediate longitudinally extending portion providing a medial rib on one side and a groove in the other side, one end of said plate being apertured to denne an anchor lug, the other end of said plate being struck out at an angle to the rib side of said plate to denne a second anchor lug.

13. An expanding member for the cutting elements of a honing tool comprising an elongated rod having a threaded portion on one end to constitute a screw element and having on the other end an enlarged head formed With a plurality of uniformly peripherally-spaced wedge surfaces tapering gradually and uniformly toward each other, each of the wedge surfaces having a longitudinal and medial guide means, the large end of said head being formed with longitudinal grooves having root surfaces parallel to the axis of said rod and being in alinement respectively with said guide means.

14. An expanding member for the cutting elements of a honing tool comprising an elongated rod having a threaded portion on one end to constitute a screW element and having on the other end an enlarged head formed With a plurality of uniformly peripherally-spaced Wedge surfaces tapering gradually and uniformly toward each other, each of the Wedge surfaces having a longitudinal and medial guide means, the large end of said head being formed with longitudinal grooves having root surfaces parallel to the axis of said rod and being in alinement respectively With said guide means, a spindle in axial alinement with said rod, and a nexible torsion shaft Connecting said spindle and rod.

15. An expanding member for the cutting elements of a rotary honing tool comprising an elongated rod having a threaded portion on one end to constitute a screw element and having on the other end an enlarged head formed on diametrically opposite sides With equally and oppositely inclined Wedge surfaces tapering gradually and uniformly to a thin diametrical edge, each of the Wedge surfaces having a longitudinal medial upstanding rib of uniform Width and height, the large end of said head being formed in diametrically opposite sides and in depth to the diameter of said rod with longitudinal grooves in alinement with said ribs.

PAUL R. GJERTSEN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,821,518 Jeschke Sept. 1, 1931 1,908,218 Calvert May 9, 1933 2,263,'781 Kline Nov. 25, 1941 2,268,4'79 Gjertsen Dec. 30, 1941 2286360 Gjertsen June 16, 1942 2,412,419 Palotsee Dec. 10, 1946 2,422,434 Palotsee June 17, 1947 

